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Many important roles in aquaculture ponds

Author : ECOWATER AQUA

Update time : 2022-10-21 10:58:17

Many important roles in aquaculture ponds from ECOWATER AQUA

Aquaculturists are well aware that phytoplankton photosynthesis is a major source of dissolved oxygen in ponds. The rate of photosynthesis depends upon the amount of light. Photosynthesis begins at dawn, and on a typical day, photosynthesis rate and dissolved oxygen concentration in the water increase from morning until mid-day or early afternoon. Photosynthesis stops at dusk, and during the night the dissolved oxygen concentration will tend to decline.

Mechanical aeration increases the rate of loss of oxygen from ponds when the water is supersaturated with this gas. Aeration often can be stopped during daytime in fish ponds and reduced in shrimp ponds during daytime to lessen the amount of oxygen lost from the water. Shrimp live on the bottom, and some aeration should be applied during the day to assure movement of oxygenated water across the bottom. At night, mechanical aeration lessens the decline in dissolved oxygen concentration.

Phytoplankton remove carbon dioxide from the water for photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide is acidic in water, and the pH of pond water will increase during the day as phytoplankton remove carbon dioxide for phososynthesis. When all of the carbon dioxide is removed from the water by phytoplankton, bicarbonate will be used as a carbon source in photosynthesis. Many aquatic plants can remove one carbon dioxide molecule from two bicarbonate ions by a physiologic pathway, but they release one carbonate ion into the water. Carbonate ion reacts in water to increase pH, so pH continues to rise during photosynthesis even after all of the dissolved carbon dioxide has been removed.

Bicarbonate is the main source of alkalinity in most ponds. Nevertheless, total alkalinity does not decrease in pond water when phytoplankton use bicarbonate in photosynthesis. This is because the contribution to alkalinity concentration of one carbonate ion is equal to that of two bicarbonate ions.

Alkalinity tends to buffer water against pH change, and in low alkalinity waters – especially those with alkalinity below 20 mg/L – pH may rise to stressful or lethal levels for aquaculture species. Liming to increase total alkalinity above 40 to 50 mg/L is advisable in aquaculture ponds.

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